病毒在土壤中的迁移行为

细菌和病毒等致病微生物广泛存在于化粪池、污水污泥、废水等源头。由于病毒比细菌和原生动物包囊小得多，在通过多孔土壤时不容易被过滤净化，地下水资源的病毒污染已引起各国科学家的高度关注，在过去的几十年间已经进行了较多的研究工作。也有了一些有关病毒在土壤中迁移行为及其影响机理的文献报道。本文的主要目的是在对过去国内外的一些研究结果作一综述，重点探讨影响病毒在土壤中迁移的主要因素，包括（1）影响病毒迁移的水动力学因素；（2）病毒吸附机理及其影响因素；（3）影响病毒生存或死亡的因素。土壤物理性质的不均一性是导致微生物和非反应物质之间的迁移行为差异的主要因素。影响病毒在土壤中吸附和死亡的因素很多，比如：土壤类型、病毒类型、pH、离子强度和多价阳离子、有机质、温度、土壤含水量、微粒、微生物活动等，对它们的影响机理进行了一一描述和解释。在指示病毒的选择上，噬菌体（比如MS2、PRD1、ФX174）已经被广泛用来研究病毒在土柱和田间条件下的迁移行为，并认为它们比较吻合指示病毒所需的各种条件。根据上述综述资料，在文章的最后对病毒迁移的进一步研究提出了一些建议。     

A Potato Collecting Expedition in the Province of Jujuy,Argentina and Disease Indexing of Virus and Fungus Pathogens in Andean Cultivars

A potato collecting expedition was carried out in the province of Jujuy, Argentina in March 24 to April 15, 2001. The objective was to collect local cultivars of potatoes and wild potato species, covering high mountain valleys not previously collected or areas where germplasm was not available. A total of 247 accessions was collected, 188 cultivated accessions of S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum, four of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum, two of S. curtilobum and 53 accessions of wild species. The wild species collected were S. acaule subsp. acaule, S. chacoense, S. infundibuliforme, S. megistacrolobum subsp. megistacrolobum, S. microdontum, S. gourlayi, S. × viirsooi and S. oplocense. Herbarium voucher specimens were obtained when possible. For the collection of cultivated potatoes, tubers were gathered from farmer's fields and in a few cases from stores or markets. Seed samples were generally obtained for the wild species. Detailed collection site data were recorded at every site. After breaking dormancy, the accessions of the cultivated species were screened for the presence of Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus V (PVV), Andean potato latent virus (APLV), Andean potato mottle virus (APMoV), Potato rough dwarf virus (PRDV), Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. PSTVd, APLV and PRDV were not detected, but different levels of infection are reported for the other pathogens assayed.     

Corynebacterium equi in cattle and pigs

Summary

The cervical lymph nodes of pigs, the retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes of cattle and faecal samples from both animal species were examined for the presence of Corynebacterium equi. The organism was recovered from 19 (35 per cent) of 54 porcine cervical lymph nodes and from 0 of 54 bovine retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes. Fifteen (50 per cent) of 30 bovine faecal and 11 (35 per cent) of 31 porcine faecal samples yielded C. equi.     

IBV荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及对感染鸡体内病毒的检测

IBV（infectious bronchitis virus）属于冠状病毒γ群，可以引起鸡的呼吸道疾病，造成严重的损失，现在对IBV诊断方法的研究进行得十分广泛，建立了多种方法。本研究建立了IBV的Real-Time PCR检测方法，最低检测灵敏度为10 copies/μL，可以有效地区别其他禽源病毒，板内差异为0.1%～0.7%，板间差异为0.7%～1.6%，证明该方法具有较高的灵敏性、特异性和稳定性，并对分离到的野毒株ck/HHLJ/HH13进行了病毒感染试验的检测，在鸡体内的气管肺脏肾脏中都具有较高的浓度，其中气管和肾脏中病毒的滴度一直维持很高的水平，至感染后21 d才逐渐消失，病理组织学可见肾脏和气管病变最严重，证实了所分离到的野毒株ck/HHLJ/HH13是具有很强毒力的肾型IBV毒株。     

Modification of serological techniques and their evaluation for detection of potato viruses in seed certification related activities

Development of alternative serological techniques to ELISA for detection of potato viruses offers advantages for monitoring virus incidence and for seed potato certification systems. Several trials showed that multiplex tissue print immunoassay (TPIA) and dot blot immunoassay (DBIA) might represent fast, practical, and sensitive alternatives for the detection of: Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus Y (PVY), from green and/or tuber tissues. In TPIA, the specific precipitation patterns in infected tissues of leaf petioles or stem cross sections, observed with each virus, allowed identification of the specific virus or mixed infections in a single multiplex assay. For detection of PVY in green tissues, DBIA was shown to be over 50 times more sensitive than ELISA. TPIA and ELISA from the tuber stem end or from eyes might be used for rapid detection of PVY and PVS in seed potato tubers without prior germination. PVS was evenly distributed in potato tuber tissue, while PVY was localized in the vascular tissue beneath the epidermis, with irregular distribution along the periphery of the potato tuber. For laboratories in developing countries lacking time and facilities for tests based on tuber germination, monitoring for PVS and PVY using TPIA in tuber tissue may be a suitable alternative to ELISA.     

高频电刀行犬卵巢囊肿切除术

犬卵巢囊肿切除术是兽医临床工作中常见的外科手术之一,但因手术过程中结扎止血效果不确实而存在较高风险,本文引入高频电刀对手术进行探究。